"Plant Partners" looks at beneficial relationships above and below garden soil
If you hope to grow tomatoes, peppers, zucchini or eggplant this year, consider planting the bed beforehand with a spring crop of buckwheat.
Annual buckwheat (Fagopyron esculentum) is among “cover crops” that Jessica Walliser recommends in “Plant Partners: Science-Based Companion Planting Strategies for the Vegetable Garden” (Storey Publishing, $24.95).
While cover crops are widely used by commercial growers and large farms, Walliser identifies six cover crops that are easy to grow in home gardens. Depending on their growing season, cover crops are grown to be mowed down and turned into the soil or simply killed by frost.
Before they go, however, they can benefit future crops in many ways. They might draw up nutrients from low in the soil, improve soil structure and fertility, and provide organic matter that feeds beneficial microbes while improving moisture retention. Their growth can supress weeds and create habitat for pest-eating beneficial insects. Some, such as peas and beans, can fortify the soil with nitrogen, an important macronutrient that supports green, leafy growth. Walliser variously describes these plants as green mulch, green manure or living rototillers.